西方大学内部治理模式的嬗变：从学院式走向创业型

The Evolution of Internal Governance Models for Western Universities:From Collegial Governance to Entrepreneurial Governance

治理模式是大学内部治理的核心话题之一。在当前我国强调完善大学内部治理的背景下,本文较为系统地梳理了西方大学内部治理模式的嬗变过程。总体而言,西方大学内部治理模式先后出现了四种形态:学院式、层级式、管理型和创业型,它们从一定程度上折射出了大学发展的四种不同环境。这四种大学治理模式的出现时间虽然先后有别,但并非相互取代;相反,它们在一定时期之内能相互共存。西方大学内部治理模式的嬗变也凸显出大学内部治理模式改革的两大趋势:学术权力在一定程度上得到充分保障,行政权力的行使越发专业化。毋庸置疑,西方大学内部治理模式的改革之路仍在继续,"网络治理"模式在理论上被认为是可行路径之一,但在实践层面却有待进一步检验。西方大学治理模式的演变可为我国当前的高校治理改革提供些许思路。

The internal governance model(IGM) is one of the key issues for university governance. Against the background of emphasizing the improvement of internal university governance for contemporary Chinese universities, this paper systematically reviews the evolution of IGMs for western universities. Generally, there are four governance models that have emerged chronologically, and they are collegial governance, bureaucratic governance, managerial governance and entrepreneurial governance. The four IGMs have to some extent reflected on the four different kinds of context where western universities operate. The four chronological models have not been replaced by each other;rather, they have coexisted for a period of time. The evolution of IGMs for western universities has characterized the following two trends. Firstly, academic power has been ensured to some extent. Secondly, the execution of administrative power has been increasingly professional. Undoubtedly, the reform of IGMs for western universities is still ongoing. Network governance is therefore regarded as a possible solution to the weaknesses of the existing four IGMs theoretically;however, it deserves more practical examination. The evolution of IGMs for western universities could offer some solutions for the governance reform of China’s higher education institutions.