我国煤矿巷道支护理论及技术的现状与发展趋势

Development and present situation of support theory and technology in coal mine roadway in China

巷道支护理论和技术是煤矿岩层控制研究的核心内容。本文系统梳理了煤矿巷道的代表性支护理论,从围岩内部、巷道表面和复合控制三个方面详细阐述和分析了巷道支护技术,在此基础上,探讨了巷道支护下一步可能的研究重点。在支护理论方面,新奥法、松动圈、围岩强度强化等理论较为成熟,承压环、强帮强角和等强支护等新理论不断涌现。支护技术方面,围岩内部支护包括锚杆(索)、注浆和卸压技术;表面支护主要包括砌碹、金属支架和钢管混凝土支架支护技术;复合控制主要包括注浆-锚杆(索)、棚-索以及注浆-棚-索复合技术,并重点介绍了新型的全空间桁架锚索协同控制技术。总的来看,围岩与支护体的协同作用机制、新支护材料和技术体系、让压机理和技术以及成熟定量的支护设计方法等仍需深入研究。

Roadway support theory and technology is the core research focus of strata control in coal mine.In this paper,the representative supporting theories of roadway are systematically sorted out,and the supporting technologies of roadway are expounded and analyzed in detail from the following three aspects:surrounding rock inside,roadway surface and composite control.Further more,the possible research focus is discussed and analyzed.The main conclusions show that the supporting theories such as New Austrian method,broken rock zone,strength enhancement of surrounding rock are more mature,and new supporting theories such as compression ring enhanced support theory,strong support for sidewall and uniform strength beam theory are emerging.The technologies in surrounding rock include bolt(cable),grouting and pressure relief,and surface support technologies mainly include masonry arch,metal support and concrete-filled steel tube support.While the composite control technologies mainly include grouting-bolt(cable),shed-cable and grouting-shed-cable composite technology,and the new technology named full space truss and anchor coordinative support is introduced in detail.The synergistic mechanism between surrounding rock and supporting body,new supporting material and system,pressure relief mechanism and technology,and mature quantitative support design method still need to be deeply studied in future.