论数据的法律规制模式选择

On the Choice of Legal Regulation Model in Relation to Data

数据权利化与非权利化之争莫衷一是,两类主张的论说通常从权利和法益保护理论展开,鲜有立足于我国大数据发展现状的实证分析。当前关于数据规制模式的主张包括立法赋权模式和行为规制模式两种。选择数据规制模式属于立法范畴的问题,应当依据立法活动自身的方法和原则作出选择。无论是作为立法方法的归纳法,还是作为立法价值考量的效益原则和适配原则,都以立法规制对象自身的实证分析为起点。回归大数据自身所处的发展阶段,考证数据规制与自律的发展状况,总结数据失范与救济选择的倾向,应是我们选定数据规制模式的根基所在。当前采用立法赋权模式不符合科技立法的适配原则和效益原则。立法赋权模式设想的以数据赋权为基础的私权保护无法成为、也不应当成为数据权益救济的主要渠道。

There is no consensus on whether to empower data ownership or not.Two major propositions are normally based on the theory of rights and legal interests protection.There are few empirical analyses based on the current development of big data in China.Currently,there are two kinds of data regulation models:legislative empowerment and behavioral regulation.The choice of data regulation model falls in the category of legislation,which should be made according to the methods and principles of legislative activities.Whether it is the inductive method of legislation,or the principle of bene fit and adaptation as the value consideration of legislation,all start with the empirical analysis of the regulated object of legislation.It is the basis for choosing the data regulation model to return to the development stage of big data itself,to examine the development of data regulation and self-discipline,and to summarize the tendency of data anomie and remedy alternatives.The current adoption of legislative empowerment model does not conform to the principles of adaptation and efficiency of science and technology legislation.The protection of private rights based on data empowerment envisaged by the legislative empowerment model cannot and should not be the main channel of relief for data rights and interests.