福柯研究评述

Research Commentary on Michel Foucault

米歇尔·福柯的研究主要集中于哲学的主体性问题、哲学研究的方法问题和文学哲学的关系问题三个方面,其研究领域横跨哲学、历史学和文学三个领域。他以疯癫史、临床医学、规训方式和性史等非主体历史为路径,试图通过越界来揭示传统哲学对主体性的建构及其对他者边缘性的忽略。为此他提出一套相关的哲学研究方法,即考古学和谱系学,用以阐释历史和知识中的断裂及对主体性的影响。福柯以现代文学与哲学的关系为其主体性研究的范例,将文学与书写纳入哲学领域的研究范畴,进而达到其对主体性问题在现代社会阐释的意图。

Michel Foucault’s research on philosophy mainly focuses on three aspects:subjectivity,methodology as well as the relationship between literature and philosophy,whose research fields spans over philosophy,history and literature.He traces the non-dominant history,such as the history of madness,clinical medicine,discipline methods and sexuality history,attempting to transgress different academic fields and disclose the truth that traditional philosophy constructed subjectivity and ignored the marginalized others.In order to achieve this end,Foucault proposes a set of related philosophical research methodologies—archaeology and genealogy—to interpret the ruptures in history and knowledge as well as the influence on subjectivity.Foucault models his research into subjectivity on the relationship between modern literature and philosophy,incorporating literature and writing into philosophical research,so as to give a new interpretation of subjectivity in the modern society.