2018年上海市徐汇区华泾镇学校和幼托机构传染病疫情特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens in Huajing Town Xuhui District in year 2018

目的分析2018年上海市徐汇区华泾镇学校和托幼机构传染病疫情的流行病学特征,探讨学校和幼托机构传染病的有效防控措施。方法对2018年华泾镇学校和幼托机构传染病病例报告资料进行描述性分析。结果 2018年学校和幼托机构上报并处置传染病散发疫情病例124例,散发发病率1.9%;聚集性疫情17起,发病例数80例,无死亡病例发生。发病时间高峰为5、6、9、11、12月,手足口病和水痘分别为84例和24例。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,疫情报告时间和发病例数之间呈正相关(r=0.485,P<0.01),疫情报告时间和疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.598,P<0.01)。结论 2018年华泾镇幼托机构的传染病以手足口病最为常见,小学和中学以水痘为最常见,需根据发病的时间分布、空间分布、传播方式特点加强完善学校及幼托机构传染病防控体系。

Objective To identify the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens in Huajing Town of Xuhui District in 2018 so as to inform the educational institutions in developing prevention and control measures for keeping the infectious diseases from taking place in the schools and the kindergartens therein. Methods The incidence data of infectious diseases in 2018 in the schools and the kindergartens in Huajing Town were collected and subjected to a descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results Total of 124 cases of incidence of infectious diseases were reported and treated by the schools and the kindergartens therein in year 2018. The rate of incidence of the diseases was 1.9%. 17 times of outbreak of the diseases were reported which included 80 cases of disease. No deaths were reported. The peak time of onset was in the months of May, June, September, November, and December, which coincided with the outbreak of 84 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and 24 cases of varicella. Pearson correlative analysis showed that the time when the report of outbreak of diseases was received was positively correlated to number of cases(r=0.485,P<0.01). The time when the report of outbreak of diseases was received was positively correlated to the duration of the outbreak of the diseases(r=0.598,P<0.01). Conclusions In 2018, hand-foot-mouth diseases were the most commonplace infectious diseases found in the preschool educational institutions in Huajing Town. Varicella were found to have been the most common infectious disease in schools in Huajing. Therefore, the systems of the schools and kindergartens in Huajing that are responsible for the prevention and control of the diseases need to be strengthened and improved according to the times of outbreak, the locations where the outbreak takes place and the mode of transmission of the diseases.