神经节苷脂GM1促进神经干细胞的分化作用机制

Mechanisms of GM1 promoting differentiation of neural stem cells

神经节苷脂作为大多数哺乳动物细胞膜上的基本物质,广泛存在于机体的组织细胞中,其对于维持细胞膜的结构和功能、细胞间的信息传递和粘附具有重要作用,单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂(monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, GM1)是其主要类别之一。现大量研究发现,GM1能够通过调节第二信使Ca^2+的浓度、增强神经生长因子的作用、调控基因表达、降低自由基和兴奋性氨基酸的神经毒害作用等方式,促进神经干细胞(neural stem cells, NSC)向神经元方向分化,有望为神经细胞的再生和神经疾病的诊疗带来新方向。本文主要就GM1诱导NSC分化的作用机制进行综述。

As a basic substance on the cell membrane of most mammals, gangliosides are widely distributed in the tissues of the body. They play important roles in maintaining the structure and function of cell membrane, as well as the information transmission and adhesion between cells. Monosialoganglioside(GM1) is one of the main categories. A large number of studies have found that GM1 can promote neural stem cells(NSC) differentiating into neurons by adjusting the concentration of messenger Ca^2+, enhancing the effect of nerve growth factor,regulating gene expression and reducing the neurotoxic effects of free radicals and excitatory amino acids. It is expected to bring new directions for nerve cell regeneration and neurologic disease treatment. The mechanisms of NSC differentiation induced by GM1 are reviewed in this article.