战后日本福利体制构建的政治逻辑

The Political Logic of the Construction of Japan’s Welfare System after the War Ⅱ

日本作为后发型资本主义国家,在20世纪60年代初期经济发展尚未达到推广普及性福利政策的条件下,岸信介内阁推动建成了基本的福利体制框架,实现了全民皆保险与皆年金制度。从福利体制构建的政治逻辑来看,岸信介内阁利用福利政策均衡国民经济收入,实现"安民"的同时进而"统民"来反作用于经济的发展。在战后民主政治的背景下,其以福祉体制的构建来顺应民意达成政权稳定的目的。最终巧妙地将"福利"与"防卫"进行捆绑,力图突破外在美国制约与内在反对声,对防卫力的发展进行"松绑"。可以说岸信介内阁有意识、有目的地顺应与引导福利发展最终朝着不仅是体制地建成,更是一种国家主义之下统合国民,实现政权稳定、计划经济的总动员以及国防重建的多重目的。

In the early 1960s,Japan as a post-capitalist country,did not have enough economic strength to implement welfare policy,but Kishi cabinet promoted the establishment of a basic welfare framework and realized the national health insurance and national pension.Judging from the political logic of the construction of the welfare system,the Kishi cabinet used the welfare policy to balance the income of the national economy to stabilizing people’s livelihoods and also wants to control peoples to promote economic development.In addition,Kishi cabinet aimed to stabilize the regime by constructing a welfare system.In the end,Kishi cabinet bundled "welfare" with "defense" in an effort to break through the U.S restrictions and domestic opposition.As a matter of fact,Kishi cabinet not only attempted to construct a welfare system,but also wanted to realize multiple purposes that establish regime and mobilized the nation to develop the economy and rebuilt national defense。