钾离子电池中碳负极材料的研究进展

Research progress on carbon anode materials in potassium-ion batteries

有机系钾离子电池因其能量密度高、钾储量丰富、成本低等优势而成为当前储能器件领域一个新的研究热点。钾离子可以在商品化石墨负极材料中嵌入与脱出,这对于钾离子电池未来的产业化发展具有重要意义。但目前石墨负极存在体积膨胀率较大、容量衰减快、倍率性能低等问题。研究者们尝试使用石墨以外的其它负极材料来提高钾离子电池的电化学性能,如其它种类碳质材料、金属氧化物、过渡金属化合物等。其中碳质材料因制备方法简单、成本低廉、安全环保等优点而成为主要研究对象。本文总结了钾离子电池碳负极材料的最新研究进展,并对一些表现出优异电化学性能的碳负极材料的制备方法及电化学机理做出扼要重述;在此基础上,对钾离子电池的下一步研究进行展望与总结。

Aprotic potassium-ion batteries(KIBs) have drawn much attention owing to their high energy density and low cost, and abundant potassium resources. The realization of electrochemical potassiation/depotassiation in commercial graphite is of great significance to the practical application of KIBs. However, some tough issues still exist, such as the huge volume expansion of the graphite anodes, the fast decay of capacity and the poor rate performance. Researchers have tried to improve the electrochemical performance of KIBs by developing other anode candidate materials, including various carbon materials, metal oxides, and transition metal compounds. To date, the majority of studies have focused on carbon materials because of their relatively simple preparation, low cost, and environmental safety. In this review, the latest research progress on carbon anode materials for KIBs is systematically summarized. The synthesis methods and the storage mechanism of the carbon anodes with excellent electrochemical performance are summarized. Research prospects for KIBs are also proposed.