全球化背景下欧盟反恐政策的发展及其启示

The Development of the EU Counter-Terrorism Policy under the Background of Globalization and Its Inspiration

[目的/意义]全球化在促进资源互通互融的同时,也助长了跨国犯罪的穿透力与破坏力。近年来,欧洲遭遇了恐怖主义的重大打击,“伊斯兰国”及其残余势力直接或间接制造恐袭已成为欧洲社会新常态,加上“基地”组织也有复苏迹象,令欧盟面临严峻而复杂的反恐形势。对欧盟反恐政策进行梳理解析,有助于我国在新形势下开展反恐工作。[方法/过程]通过对欧盟反恐政策的比较研究,将隶属于不同类别的不同层次内容进行梳理、提炼并在此基础上进行评析。[结果/结论]得出欧盟反恐政策的五大模块:以宏观战略为顶层设计的法律体系;以专业机构为主要抓手的制度架构;以城市反恐为实施重点的综合举措;以国际合作为辅助手段的保障网络,以及以预防激进化为终极目标的社会动员。由此发现,欧盟反恐政策背后是一套“双模式选择”逻辑:“治理模式”上沿袭传统的一体化思路,“反恐理论模式”上采取务实的混合模式。在实践中,诸多做法值得我们借鉴。

[Purpose/Significance]While promoting the mutual integration of resources,globalization has also contributed to the penetration and destructive power of transnational crime.In recent years,Europe has been greatly suffered by terrorism.It has been a new normal state of European society that the ISIS and its remnants caused terrorist attacks directly or indirectly,together with the signs of recovery of al-Qaeda,which make the EU face a severe and complicated counter-terrorism situation.Studying the EU counter-terrorism policy will help China fight against terrorism under the new situation.[Method/Process]Based on a comparative analysis of various counter-terrorism policies,we can refine and accurately describe the different categories of the policy system;and therefore,comment on the above contents.[Result/Conclusion]The EU counter-terrorism policy system consists of five sections:the legal system with the counter-terrorism strategy as its top-level design;the institutional structure with the special organizations;the comprehensive measures focusing on urban counter-terrorism;the international cooperation and social mobilization as the assistant measures.It is found that the EU counter-terrorism policy has a logic of"dual-model choices":the traditional integration idea for the"governance model"and a pragmatic mixture for the"counter-terrorism model".Many of its practices are worth referring for us.