小学教师队伍性别结构失衡问题研究

A Study on Gender Structure Imbalance of Primary School Teachers in China

近十年来,我国小学教师队伍性别比例严重失衡,并且呈现不断加剧的趋势。统计数据显示:女教师呈现年轻化趋势;小学各科目中女教师所占比例差异明显,但均呈上升趋势,以往小学男教师数量所占比例较多的教学科目逐渐减少;我国各地区小学女教师比例均呈现逐年增长趋势,我国城区、镇区、乡村小学女教师比例存在一定差异,城区小学女教师比例高于镇区小学女教师比例,乡村小学女教师比例最低;全国所有城乡、省市小学教师性别比例均呈现失衡状态;个别地区近十年女教师比例差异较大,但纵观十年均呈增长趋势。教师性别结构失衡会对教育教学、学生发展等方面产生一定影响,因此,应该在教师培养、就业政策上给予一定的倾斜,并提高教师待遇、社会地位,增强教师的职业竞争力,从根本上吸引广大男教师,从而逐步解决教师性别结构失衡问题。

In the past decade,primary schools have faced the serious gender imbalance among teachers and it is getting more and more serious.From the research data,it can be found that female teachers tend to be younger;ratios of female teachers in all subjects are on the rise although there is significant difference between their ratios in different subjects;contrarily,the number of subjects in which male teachers used to account for a large proportion is gradually decreasing;female teachers’ratio all over China shows an annual rising trend although there exists ratio difference in different parts of the country,where the highest ratio of female teachers appears in cities,followed by that in towns with the lowest ratio in rural areas;the issue of gender imbalance of teachers exists in all primary schools across the country;and huge difference appears in some particular areas although female teachers’ratio has been on the rise in the past decade.Gender imbalance of teachers will have a great impact on education,teaching and the development of students.It is advisable that more support should be offered in the cultivation of teachers and policies of employment.Meanwhile,our society should raise teachers’salary and social status,and enhance their competitiveness in career development.Thus,more male teachers will devote to education,which can solve the problem of gender imbalance gradually.