WSN中基于改进粒子群优化算法的分簇路由协议

Clustering routing protocol based on improved PSO algorithm in WSN

针对无线传感器网络分簇路由协议所筛选簇头节点的位置分布不均衡及转发节点的数据传输路径不合理会加剧节点能量消耗、缩短网络生存周期的问题,提出一种基于改进粒子群优化算法的分簇路由协议。在簇头选举过程中,通过定义节点的能量因子和位置均衡因子建立新的适应度函数,评估和选择更优的候选簇头节点;通过优化的自适应学习因子调整候选簇头节点的位置更新速度,扩大局部搜索并加快全局搜索的收敛速度。根据转发节点与基站的距离确定采用单跳还是多跳传输方式,设计一种基于最小生成树的多跳方法,为转发节点数据传输选择最优的多跳路径。仿真测试结果表明,基于改进粒子群算法的分簇路由协议能够选举能量与位置更均衡的簇头节点和转发节点,缩短了网络的通信距离,节点的能耗更低且更均衡,有效延长了网络生存周期。

Aiming at the problem that the location distribution of cluster head nodes filtered by wireless sensor network clustering routing protocol was unbalanced and the data transmission path of forwarding nodes was unreasonable,which would increase the energy consumption of nodes and shorten the network life cycle,a clustering routing protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed.In the process of cluster head election,a new fitness function was established by defining the energy factor and position equalization factor of the node,the better candidate cluster head node was evaluated and selected,the position update speed of the candidate cluster head nodes was adjusted by the optimized update learning factor,the local search and speeded up the convergence of the global search was expanded.According to the distance between the forwarding node and the base station,the single-hop or multi-hop transmission mode was adopted,and a multi-hop method was designed based on the minimum spanning tree to select an optimal multi-hop path for the data transmission of the forwarding node.Simulation results show that the clustering routing protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm can elect cluster head nodes and forwarding nodes with more balanced energy and location,which shortened the communication distance of the network.The energy consumption of nodes is lower and more balanced,effectively extending the network life cycle.