烟秆高效复合降解菌群的筛选、鉴定及组合应用

Screening, Identification and Combination of High Efficiency Degrading Bacteria for Tobacco Stem

为提高烟草秸秆中木质素和纤维素降解效率,缩短烟草秸秆腐熟时间,通过平板筛选和酶活测定试验筛选出具有木质素和纤维素降解能力的菌株,并探讨了不同菌株组合对烟草秸秆的降解程度。结果表明,所筛选获得的梭形芽胞杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis,N019a)、毛栓菌(Trametes hirsuta,MA)、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae,imp)分别能高效降解烟草秸秆中的木质素,半纤维素和纤维素;N019a,MA和imp组成的复合菌群I用于烟秆粉末固态发酵25 d,半纤维素、纤维素和木质素降解率分别为67.23±0.73%,61.17±0.45%和60.12±0.48%;B.tequilensis(B4),B.subtilis(B26)和A.niger(M90)组成的复合菌群Ⅱ降解半纤维素、纤维素和木质素降解率分别为72.15±0.35%,65.68±0.55%与38.15±0.76%,6个菌株组合成的复合菌群Ⅲ降解半纤维素、纤维素和木质素降解率分别为83.32±0.45%,75.21±0.71%与66.13±0.53%。不同的降解菌降解木质纤维中不同成分具有一定的特异性,多功能菌株组合能显著提高烟草秸秆生物质降解效果。研究结果为开发烟草秸秆高效降解复合菌剂提供了依据。

In order to improve the degradation efficiency of lignin and cellulose in tobacco straw and shorten the decomposing time of tobacco straw,the strains with the ability to degrade lignin and cellulose were screened out by plate screening and enzyme activity determination experiments.The effects of different strain combinations on tobacco straw degradation were discussed.The results showed that the obtained Lysinibacillus fusiformis(N019a),Trametes hirsuta(MA),and Rhizopus oryzae(imp)were effective in degrading lignin,hemicellulose,and cellulose in tobacco straw.The composite flora I composed of N019a,MA and imp was used for solid fermentation of tobacco stalk powder for 25 d.The degradation rates of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin were 67.23±0.73%,61.17±0.45%and 60.12±0.48%,respectively.B.tequilensis(B4),B.subtilis(B26)and A.niger(M90)composed a complex flora II with degradation rates of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin being 72.15±0.35%,65.68±0.55%,and 38.15±0.76%.The degradation rates of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin by compound flora III composed of 6 strains was were 83.32±0.45%,75.21±0.71%and 66.13±0.53%.Different degrading bacteria degrade different components in wood fiber with certain specificity,and the combination of multifunctional strains can significantly improve the biomass degradation effect of tobacco straw.The research results provide a basis for the development of a highly effective compound bacterial agent for tobacco straw degradation.