城市公共汽车运营管理模式的改革路径

Reform on Urban Bus Operation and Management

选择科学、合理的运营管理模式是促进公共汽车行业稳定健康发展、提高政府财政补贴有效性和兼顾供给效率的重要保障。首先,分析公共汽车运营管理模式的内涵,以及不同管理模式的优缺点和适用范围。其次,梳理公共汽车运营管理模式的研究现状以及改革启示,并以深圳和佛山两个城市案例进行实证研究,从公共汽车改革的发展背景、实施效果以及存在的问题等方面进行剖析。最后,从建立动态补贴调节机制和精细化的服务考核机制、动态优化公共汽车线路和运营调度,以及考虑出行者诉求等方面,提出公共汽车运营体制和管理模式路径改革的要点和发展对策。

An effective and equitable operational management is the key for the sustainable development of public bus transit system,which can enhance the effectiveness of government subsidies and ensure the service efficiency.This paper first analyzes the contents of public bus transit operation and management,the pros and cons and service scope of different management modes.By reviewing existing researches on the bus transit service's operation and management modes,the paper,taking Shenzhen and Foshan as examples,discusses the background of bus reform,the implementation effects,and outstanding problems.Finally,the paper proposes the development strategies for the reform of bus transit operation system and management modes in several aspects:establishing a dynamic subsiding scheme and a refined service assessment system,optimizing the bus service routes and operational scheduling dynamically,and taking travelers'demands into account.