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“三权分置”背景下林地经营权法律适用问题研究 被引量:10

Applicable Law of Forest Land Management Rights under the “Three Powers Separation”
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摘要 土地经营权产生的原因在于家庭承包经营权流转受限,其目的在于打破农村土地流转限制,增加农民的财产性收入,助力现代农业的发展。土地经营权作为“三权分置”政策中的重要一环,已被修订后的《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》赋予了物权功能。林地作为农用地的重要组成部分,存在自身独有的特性。林地经营权在适用修订后的《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》时,应当将集体统管山和自留山流转也包含在内,即集体统管山使用权和自留山使用权也可以通过流转创设出林地经营权。同时,要妥善处理承包经营权和林地经营权在融资担保上的冲突。不包含林木所有权的林地经营权进行抵押时,未来的抵押权人须评估抵押权变现的风险。在林地经营权和林木所有权的关系上,一般而言,林木所有权依赖于林地经营权,林木所有权的转让要与林地经营权的转让同时进行。但林地经营权也可以脱离林木所有权单独存在。对于较少依赖林地或者单株价值较高的林木,应当承认其独立的林木所有权,并进一步规范属于不同主体的林地经营权和林木所有权的行使。 The reason for establishing land management rights is that the transfer of family contract management rights is limited,and its purpose is to break the rural land transfer restrictions,increase the farmers’property income,and help the development of modern agriculture.Land management rights,as an important part of the“three-power separation”policy,have been given real rights by the amended Rural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China.As an important part of agricultural land,woodland has its own unique characteristics.When applying the revised Rural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China,the land management right shall include the collective control of the mountain and the retention of the mountain,that is,the collective use of the mountain and the right to use the self-retained mountain may also create the management right of the forest through circulation.At the same time,in order to properly handle the conflict between the contractual management right and the forest land management right in the financing guarantee,and when the forest land management right that does not include forest ownership is mortgaged,the future mortgagee must assess the risk of realizing the mortgage right.In the relationship between forest land management rights and forest ownership,in general,forest ownership depends on forest land management rights,and the transfer of forest ownership must be carried out simultaneously with the transfer of forest land management rights.However,the management rights of forest land can also exist separately from the ownership of forest trees.For forests that are less dependent on forest land or have higher value of individual plants,they should acknowledge their independent forest ownership and further regulate the exercise of forest land management rights and forest ownership belonging to different entities.
作者 高鹏芳 GAO Peng-fang(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,200042,P.R.China)
出处 《北京林业大学学报(社会科学版)》 2019年第4期40-46,共7页 Journal of Beijing Forestry University :Social Sciences
关键词 三权分置 林权流转 林地经营权 林木所有权 separation of three powers forest rights transfer forest land management rights forest
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