2010—2016年沙坡头区感染性腹泻细菌病原谱监测结果分析

Analysis of Results of Bacterial Pathogen Spectrum Monitoring of Infectious Diarrhea in Shapotou District from 2010 to 2016

目的了解沙坡头区感染性腹泻病原组成和流行情况,为能够积极有效地控制感染性腹泻提供科学依据。方法收集沙坡头区2010—2016年哨点监测医院所筛选和采集的感染性腹泻患者粪便,按照监测方案要求进行沙门氏菌、致泻性大肠埃希氏菌、志贺氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌等病原菌的分离鉴定,对病原谱进行时间、人群、型别构成等进行统计分析。结果1175份粪便标本中有215份检出致病菌,阳性标本检出率为18.30%,分离出229株致病菌,阳性菌株检出率19.49%。病原检出以沙门氏菌、致泻性大肠埃希氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌和志贺氏菌为主,其余未检出。沙门氏菌中以肠炎沙门氏菌为主,志贺氏菌中以宋内氏志贺氏菌最多,致泻性大肠埃希氏菌中以致病性大肠杆菌最多。病原菌检出以7~9月份阳性检出率最高。不同性别病原菌阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄组病原菌阳性检出率有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性状标本病原菌检出情况以脓血便的阳性检出率最高。结论沙门氏菌、致泻性大肠埃希氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌和志贺氏菌是引起中卫市沙坡头区感染性腹泻的主要病原菌,根据以上病原谱,需采取针对性的防控措施。

Objective To understand the pathogen composition and prevalence of infectious diarrhea in Shapotou District,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of infectious diarrhea.Methods The faeces of patients with infectious diarrhea screened and collected by sentinel monitoring hospital during 2010—2016 in Shapotou District were collected,and the pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella,Diarrhoeal Escherichia Coli,Shigella,Aeromonas Hydrophila,Vibrio Parahemolyticus,Vibrio Cholerae and Yersinia Enterocolitica were isolated and identified according to the requirements of the monitoring program,and the time,population and type of the disease spectrum were analyzed statistically.Results Among 1175 fecal specimens,215 were positive,the positive rate was 18.30%.Total 229 strains were isolated,the positive rate was 19.49%,and the main pathogens were Salmonella,Diarrhea Escherichia Coli,Aeromonas Hydrophila and Shigella.The rest were not detected.Salmonella Enteritidis is the main Salmonella,Shigella sonnei is the most common Shigella,Diarrhea Escherichia Coli is the most pathogenic Escherichia Coli.The positive rate of pathogenic bacteria was the highest from July to September.There was no statistical significance between male and female(P>0.05).There was statistical significance between different age groups(P<0.05).The positive detection rate of purulent stool was the highest in the samples with different characters.Conclusion Salmonella,Diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli,Aeromonas Hydrophila and Shigella are the main pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in Shapotou District,suggesting that targeted prevention and control measures should be taken based on the above pathogen spectrum.