晚期黑色素瘤的免疫治疗进展

Progress in Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma

恶性黑色素瘤是一种侵袭性极高的恶性肿瘤,在肿瘤早期阶段便可发生转移,晚期患者预后极差,且发病率和病死率逐年攀升。皮肤黑色素瘤是全球最常见的黑色素瘤类型,但肢端和黏膜型黑色素瘤是我国较常见的黑色素瘤亚型,诊断时大多患者已处于肿瘤晚期,药物疗效及预后均较皮肤恶性黑色素瘤差。近年来,免疫治疗在黑色素瘤治疗中取得了较大进展,其中,免疫检查点抑制剂取得了较好的疗效,而溶瘤病毒的治疗为患者提供了更多的治疗机会。

Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that can metastasize in the early stages of tumorigenesis.The prognosis of patients at advanced stage is extremely poor.And the morbidity and mortality rate have been increasing year by year.Skin melanoma is the most common type of melanoma in the world,while acral and mucosal melanoma are common subtypes in China,and at the time of diagnosis,most of the patients are in the advanced stage expecting poorer drug treatment effect and prognosis than those of the skin malignant melanoma.In recent years,immunotherapy has made great progress in the treatment of melanoma.Among them,immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved good results,and oncolytic virus treatment has provided the patients with more treatment opportunities.