主敬与尚诚:比较视域下朱熹与王阳明的童蒙教育观

Respect and Sincerity:From the Perspective of Zhu Xi’s and Wang Yangming’s Views on Enlightenment Education

作为古代重要的教育思想家,朱熹和王阳明分别着眼于"主敬"和"尚诚"的作用展开分析,从而开显出不同的童蒙教育观。简略而言,前者主张通过"整齐严肃"的外在型塑方式培养儿童的"敬"意识,但容易忽略儿童的内心真情;后者在"诚"中指向自身内心,力求尊重儿童自身的自然性情,提倡一种自然主义的立场,顺性予以教化,使得理情一致,但易轻视外在规范的形塑作用。实际上真正的童蒙教育需要并重这两种情感的交互培养,敬的培养当在诚之先,而诚的情感需要以敬作为基础。

As an important ancient educational thinker,Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming respectively focused on the analysis of the role of"respect"and"sincerity",so as to show different educational views of enlightenment education.In short,the former advocated to cultivate children’s"respect"consciousness through the"neat and serious"external shaping way,but it was easy to ignore children’s inner feelings;the latter pointed to their inner feelings in"sincerity",for the sake of trying to respect children’s natural temperament,advocating a naturalistic position,and teaching them to be obedient,so that they can be consistent with each other,but easily despise the shaping effect of external norms.In fact,the real education of enlightenment education needs to pay equal attention to the interactive cultivation of these two emotions.The cultivation of respect should be prior to the cultivation of sincerity,and the emotion of sincerity needs to be based on respect.