英汉亲属词翻译不对称研究——兼论汉英双语者的亲属分系意识和平辈亲属长幼意识

A Study on the Asymmetry of Translation of Kinship Words in English and Chinese——Concurrently Discussion on the Sense of Kinship Division and the Sense of Elders and Children of the Same Generation

采用跨语言启动范式考察熟练汉-英双语者与熟练英-汉双语者的英汉亲属词的翻译不对称现象,考察他们对宗亲与外亲的亲属分系意识和平辈亲属长幼意识。实验1考察对宗亲与外亲的亲属分系意识,实验2考察对平辈亲属的长幼意识。结果发现,汉-英双语者具有很强的亲属分系意识,英-汉双语者只在语义加工晚期才出现亲属分系意识。汉-英双语者具有较为明确的同辈亲属长幼意识,英-汉双语者未出现同辈亲属的长幼意识。研究结果从新的角度诠释了语言、文化与认知的关系。

The cross language priming paradigm was used to study the translation asymmetry of kinship words between proficient Chinese-English bilinguals and proficient English-Chinese bilinguals. In Experiment 1,the sense of kinship division,mainly on their consanguinity of kinship between lineage and exogamy,was examined,and in Experiment 2,the sense of elders and children in the same generation was examined. The results show that Chinese-English bilinguals have a strong sense of kinship,while English-Chinese bilinguals only show kinship in the late stage of semantic processing. Chinese-English bilinguals have a clear sense of the elders and children of the same generation of relatives,while English-Chinese bilinguals do not have the awareness of the elders and children of the same generation of relatives. The results of the study explain the relationship among language,culture and cognition from a new perspective.