儿童青少年1型糖尿病患者营养管理的研究进展

Research Progress in Nutrition Management of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

儿童1型糖尿病是一种胰岛素依赖的代谢障碍性疾病,具有典型症状,且胰岛素绝对不足,容易发生一系列并发症。营养摄入管控是1型糖尿病儿童治疗的重要支柱。笔者查阅近10年(2009—2019年)国内外文献资料,对儿童1型糖尿病患者的营养学治疗普遍规律,1型糖尿病患者能量摄入的原则以及碳水化合物、膳食纤维、蛋白质、脂肪、微量元素以及维生素等营养物质的摄入现状和规范摄入量进行了总结和研讨。因儿童处于生长发育的特殊时期,本文就如何在儿童1型糖尿病患者中的饮食指导作一综述,以期为儿童1型糖尿病患者提供更好的血糖管理以及生长发育需求。得出了儿童1型糖尿病患者营养管理应从家庭环境、医患合作、血糖纠正及儿童自身的生长发育情况、自我管理等方面进行多角度、多层次联合干预,适度调整的结论。

Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus is an insulin-dependent metabolic disorder with typical symptoms and absolutely insufficient insulin,which is prone to a series of complications.Nutrition intake control is an important pillar in the treatment of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.The author consulted the domestic and foreign literatures in recent ten years(2009-2019).The general rule of nutritional treatment for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus,the principle of energy intake for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients,the status quo of intake of carbohydrates,dietary fibers,protein,fat,trace elements and vitamins,and the standard intake were discussed.Summary and discussion were made.Because children are in a special period of growth and development,this article reviews the dietary guidance in children with type 1 diabetes,in order to provide better blood sugar management and growth and development needs for children with type 1 diabetes.It is concluded that nutrition management of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus should be moderately adjusted through multi-angle and multi-level joint intervention in family environment,doctor-patient cooperation,blood sugar correction,children’s own growth and development,and self-management.