我国农村金融体系独立性重构研究——基于罗尔斯正义原则

Research on the Reconstruction of China’s Rural Financial System Independence——Based on Rawls’ Principle of Justice

回顾改革开放四十周年农村金融的演化历程,经过形式恢复、合作金融、多元模式与“去合作化”等四个阶段,最终走向商业化之路,农村金融机构的经营规模、财务指标、支农力度都获得了明显提升,增强了可持续发展能力。然而,从长远来看,商业化金融体系固有的“效率优先”原则可能会有碍普惠制在农村贫困地区的全覆盖,而合作制与普惠制之间有一种天然联系,只要真正赋予社员主体地位,农村合作金融依旧有相当发展空间。本文提出引入罗尔斯正义原则,独立性重构农村金融体系,并采用福利经济学框架,对罗尔斯正义点与边沁功利点作了比较静态分析,揭示出前者可以最大限度地保障弱势群体福祉,内在契合了新时代社会主义公平正义思想,并在此基础上就新型农村金融体系给出一系列基本框架。

Reviewing the evolution of rural finance in the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up,after four stages including formal restoration,cooperative finance,diversified models,and"de-cooperative",the road to com⁃mercialization is finally reached.The scale of operation,financial indicators and support for agriculture of rural fi⁃nancial institutions have been significantly improved,and the capacity for sustainable development has been en⁃hanced.However,in the long run,the principle of"efficiency first"inherent in the commercial financial system may hinder the full coverage of the GSP in rural poor areas,and there is a natural link between the cooperative system and the GSP,as long as the members'status is truly given,rural cooperative finance still has considerable room for development.This paper proposes the introduction of Rawls's principle of justice and independent reconstruction of the rural financial system,and takes a comparative static analysis of Rawls's justice point and Bentham's utilitarian point using the framework of welfare economics.It reveals that the former can maximize the protection of the welfare of disadvantaged groups,and internally conforms to the new era of socialist fairness and justice.Based on this,this paper provides a series of basic frameworks for the new rural financial system.