miRNA在植物病原调控方面的研究进展

miRNA-mediated Regulation Involved in Plant Pathogen

miRNA是一类在真核生物体内普遍存在的,长度在22 nt左右的单链小RNA分子。大量研究发现,miRNA可广泛参与植物的生长发育、新陈代谢、物质运输、逆境响应及病原防御等多种生理生化过程。目前已经从植物中鉴定到大量的miRNA,但其中参与植物病原调控相关miRNA的研究较少。miRNA作为一种重要的转录调控因子,可参与调控病原相关分子模式触发的免疫反应和效应因子触发的免疫反应。拟南芥中,miRNA393通过靶向生长素受体基因对植物生长素进行负调控,从而在抵御细菌侵染方面发挥作用;水稻中,miRNA528可响应水稻条纹病毒(RSV)的侵染,人为提高miRNA528水平有助于维持水稻对RSV的抗性。阐述了miRNA的作用机制,与植物细菌、真菌和病毒侵染相关的miRNA研究进展,总结了葡萄,苹果,梨和桃等具有重要经济价值果树中病原调控相关miRNA研究情况,旨在为今后miRNA在植物,特别是在果树抗病研究方面提供全面的理论依据。

MicroRNA(miRNA)is a kind of small single-stranded RNA molecule with a length of about 22 nt,which is ubiquitous in eukaryotes.A large number of studies have found that miRNA is widely involved in the growth and development of plant,metabolism,material transport,stress response,pathogen defense and other biochemical processes.At present,a large number of miRNAs have been identified from plants,while there are few studies on miRNA involved in the regulation of plants pathogens.As an important transcriptional regulator,miRNAs can be involved in the regulation of PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity.In Arabidopsis,miRNA393 negatively regulates auxin by targeting the auxin receptor gene,thereby plays a role in resisting bacterial infection.In rice,miRNA528 can be in response to the infection of rice stripe virus(RSV),and the increase of miRNA528 level using artificial means will help maintain the rice resistance to RSV.This paper describes the mechanism of action of miRNAs,the progress of miRNAs related to plant bacterial,fungal,viral infections,and summarizes the research on pathogen-regulated miRNAs in fruit trees with important economic value such as grapes,apples,pears,and peaches,aiming at providing a comprehensive theoretical basis for miRNA research in plants,especially in fruit tree.