晋北 晋中 晋南地区冬季舍饲羊场真菌气溶胶差异分析

The difference analysis about Fungal aerosol in House-feeding Sheep Farms in different regions of Shanxi Province in winter

应用Andersen 6级空气生物采样器和AGI-30液体采样器于冬季分别采集晋北、晋中、晋南3个地区的9栋半封闭式羊舍内、外环境的空气样本,测定并分析气载真菌浓度、组成和粒径分布差异,鉴定优势菌属,并应用ERIC-PCR技术对羊场空气、饲料、粪土中真菌菌群多样性进行分析,以期为羊场真菌气溶胶危害评估和环境控制提供依据。结果显示,羊舍外环境气载真菌浓度由北向南逐渐升高,舍内气载真菌浓度为外环境的2.1~9.4倍,但南北差异不显著(P>0.05)。舍内、外真菌粒子均集中分布在采样器Ⅲ~Ⅴ级(1.1~4.7μm),所占比例为63.4%~81.5%,峰值均出现在Ⅳ级(2.1~3.3μm),由北向南逐渐增高;带菌粒子中值直径(CMD)由北向南逐渐减小;共鉴定出25个菌属,其中晋北优势菌属为Cladosporium、Trichophyton、Penicillium和Aspergillus,晋中优势菌属为Penicillium、Aspergillus和Alternaria,晋南优势菌属为Penicillium和Aspergillus;ERIC-PCR图谱分析结果显示,3个地区羊舍内、外环境中气载真菌、粪土中真菌菌群的Shannon-wiener指数均由北向南增大,Simpson优势度指数由北向南逐渐减小,饲草中则呈现相反规律;各舍内气载真菌种类与该舍内粪土相似度最高。

An Andersen six-stage microbiat sample and AGA30 liquid sample were used te colleci air from 9 semi-closed sheep houses in northern,central and southern of Shanxi in winter.Then,the concentration,composition and particle size disuibution@1X60^61 of airborne fungi were determined,and dominant genus were identified.The fungal flora diversity of airborne fungi,dung and forage was analyzed by ERIC-PCR.The concentration of airborne fungi outside the sheep house graduHe increased from north to south.The concentration of airborne fungi in the house was 2.1 to 9.4 times that of the external environment,but the ddferencc between the north and the south was not significant(P<0.05).The fungi particles outside and inside the house were mainly distributed at staae III te V of the sample(1.1 te 4.7$m),accounting for 63.4%te 81.5%,and increasing graduHe from north te south.The peaks were all at staae IA(2.1 te 3.3$m).CMD velue decreased from north te south.Among the purified and identified 25 types of fungi,the dominant genera distributed in northern Shanxi were Cadopwgum'ApemluS'Penliaum and Trichophytoo.In central Shanxi,the dominant genera were Penicillium Aspergillus and Altemaria,and in southern Shanxi the dominant genera were Penicillium and Aspergilh.The results of ERIC-PCR showed that the Shannon-wiener index of airborne fungi and dung of three regioneincaeaeed faom noath toeouth,and theSimpeon dominanceindexdecaeaeed faom noath toeouth,theoppoeiteietauein foaage.And the speciee of airborne fungi in each house hae the highest similarity te the dung in the house.