清代侨寓商人子弟教育问题的解决——以寓扬徽州盐商子弟为例

Solution to the Education Problem for Sojourning Merchants’ Offspring in the Qing Dynasty——Taking the Offspring of Huizhou Salt Merchants Sojourning in Yangzhou as an Example

清代商人在经商地侨寓定居的现象十分普遍,侨寓商人子弟的教育成了一个重要问题。扬州是清代徽州盐商侨寓定居最集中的地方。通过借读当地官学、创办商人子弟学校和入籍当地等措施,寓扬徽州盐商子弟的读书和科举问题得到了较好的解决。此外,寓扬徽州盐商还通过严厉督促、以身垂范、大量藏书、经常举办诗文之会、重视自然环境的熏陶等措施对其子弟实施了良好的家庭教育和社会教育。经过清代寓扬徽州盐商及其弟子的共同努力,教育取得了明显成效。

In the Qing Dynasty,it is very common that merchants sojourned in the places where they did business,resulting in the problem of education for their offspring.At that time,most Huizhou salt merchants sojourned in Yangzhou.And the problem of education on their offspring was settled properly in many ways so that they could attend imperial examination rightfully,for example,the merchants sent their offspring to study in the local official schools or set up their own schools,and they gained local citizenship to get the right for education and examination,etc.Other methods include strict supervision,setting good examples,collecting lots of books,organizing regular parties to write poems and essays,paying attention to the influence of natural environment,etc.,thus the offspring of these Huizhou salt merchants in Yangzhou obtained good family education as well as social education.Remarkable effects could be seen through the mutual efforts of Huizhou salt merchants and their offspring sojourning in Yangzhou.