口腔微生物种群与阿尔茨海默病相关发病机制的研究进展

Research progress on oral microorganisms affect Alzheimer’s disease

口腔微生物种群如细菌、真菌等能引起龋病和牙周病等一系列口腔疾病,其代谢产物能进入血液,引起系统性炎症。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种中枢神经系统变性疾病,是痴呆症最常见的形式。据世界卫生组织统计,AD占痴呆症病例的60%~70%,并且其发病率仍在逐年攀升,给全球社会经济造成沉重负担。AD的临床病理特征为β-淀粉样蛋白沉积(Aβ)形成细胞外老年斑、tau蛋白过度磷酸化引起神经原纤维缠结,以及神经元丢失伴胶质细胞增生等。但目前为止,AD的病因及发病机制尚未阐明。近期研究发现,引起慢性牙周炎的微生物种群是Aβ沉积和AD发病的重大风险因素。因此,本文围绕口腔微生物种群与AD潜在的发病机制进行综述。

Oral microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can cause a series of oral diseases, including caries and periodontitis. Some oral pathogens can cause systemic inflammation by secreting metabolites into the blood. Alzheimer’s disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the most common form of dementia. According to the World Health Organization, AD accounts for 60%-70% of dementia cases. With its morbidity increasing annually, AD has become one of the world’s most difficult problems. Amyloid β-protein(Aβ) deposition, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and loss of neurons with glial cell proliferation have been found in the brains of patients with AD. However, the pathogenesis of AD has not been elucidated. Recent studies reported that some oral microorganisms causing chronic periodontitis had become a significant risk factor for Aβ deposition and AD. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between oral microorganisms and potential pathogenesis of AD.