动力与障碍:中国残疾人竞技体育发展研究

Research on the Development of Competitive Sports for the Disabled in China

采用文献资料法和数理统计法分析了中国残疾人竞技体育从奥运金牌“弱势国”到奥运金牌“霸主国”的发展动力以及现存的发展障碍。研究发现,残疾人竞技体育发展源源不断的动力与政策法规、组织管理、人员保障、竞技水平、外部动机等方面密切相关。研究认为,目前残疾人竞技体育存在发展障碍:国家队缺乏长期性、系统性和有效性的训练;科研投入不足,器材科技含量低;项目发展出现“马太效应”;地区发展不平衡;残疾人竞技体育专业人员匮乏等。为促进我国残疾人体育的发展,笔者研究提出转变传统竞技体育人才培养模式、协调发展残疾人群众体育、优化残疾人竞技体育管理模式、在保证优势项目发展的同时拓展新的金牌增长点等建议。

By using the methods of literature and mathematical statistics,this paper analyzes the driving force and existing obstacles of the development of Chinese disabled competitive sports from“weak country”to“dominant country”of Olympic gold MEDALS.It is concluded that the continuous driving force of the development of disabled competitive sports is closely related to policies and regulations,organizational management,personnel security,competitive level and external motivation.It is also found that there is a lack of long-term,systematic and effective training of the national team,insufficient investment in scientific research,low technology content of equipment;“Matthew effect”appeared in the development of the project,unbalanced regional development,lack of professional athletes for the disabled and other development obstacles in competitive sports for the disabled.Suggestions are put forward on the development of Chinese disabled competitive sports in the future.