竞技太极推手与中国式摔跤、柔道技术内容比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Technical Contents of Elite Taiji Push Hand,Chinese Wrestling and Judo

作为竞技武术徒手格斗项目,竞技太极推手以柔克刚、以巧致胜的技术特点能够反映武术的中国特色和中国风格。为更好传承武术技击技术,为其走入竞技体育、走向国际体坛打好基础,选择与竞技太极推手技术较为相似的中国式摔跤、柔道作为比较对象,运用文献资料和逻辑分析法,分析三者的技术形成历程,并从技术组成类型、上肢主导类技术、下肢主导类技术、技术组合之间相互关系四个方面进行比较,为竞技太极推手发展提供借鉴。研究认为,竞技太极推手技术内容的发展需要从以下方面着手:厘清太极拳特色技法内容,禁用非典型太极拳技术;推手形式由“搭手”后“插把”调整为“四正”“四隅”;以太极八法为依据,形成竞技太极推手指定性“引化”“发放”技术;界定组合技术,调整有效进攻范围,更为全面地展现太极推手的传统内容和中国特色。

As an event of unarmed combat in elite martial arts,the technical characteristics of elite Taiji push hand can reflect the Chinese characteristics and style of martial arts.In order to better inherit martial arts techniques and lay a good foundation for them to enter the elite sports and go to the international sports arena,Chinese wrestling and judo,which are similar in terms of techniques,are selected as the comparative objects.By using literature and logical analysis,the formation process of them is analyzed,and the types of technique composition,the upper limb dominant technique,the lower limb dominant technique and the mutual relationship among technique composition is analyzed and compared to provide reference for the development of elite Taiji push hand.According to the research,the development of the technical content of elite Taiji push hand should start with the following methods:clarifying the contents of the special techniques of Taiji Boxing and forbidding the atypical Taiji Boxing techniques;changing the form of push hands from“dashou”“chaba”into“sizheng”“siyu”in order to highlight the feature of Tai Chi;forming“yinhua”“fafang”of the elite Tai Chi pushhands based on the“bafa”of Tai Chi;defining the combination techniques and adjusting effective attack range in order to show the traditional contents and Chinese characteristics of Tai Chi pushhands in a more comprehensive way.