‘天红2号’苹果花芽分化动态发育时期的研究

Studies on the dynamic development period of flower bud differentiation of ’Tianhong 2’ apple

采用立体解剖观察法对‘天红2号’苹果短枝顶芽花芽分化进程进行了观察,研究不同砧木和不同年份对花芽分化进程的影响。结果表明,‘天红2号’苹果于短枝停止生长后40 d进入转化期(即花的发端),其时间的长短不受砧木和年份的影响。苹果花芽分化过程分为7个时期,分别为转化期、花芽分化初期、花序原基发生期、花萼原基发生期、花瓣原基发生期、雄蕊原基发生期和雌蕊原基发生期。随着时间的推移,花芽分化各个时期依次交叉重叠发生,不同砧木和不同年份对各个时期出现时间和持续时间有一定的影响,但对其集中分化期影响不大,6月中旬进入转化期,花芽分化初期集中分化于7月上旬,花序原基发生期集中分化于7月中下旬,花萼原基发生期集中分化于8月初,花瓣原基发生期集中分化于8月中下旬,9月份主要为雄蕊原基发生期,70%左右的短枝顶芽在10月初进入雌蕊原基发生期。

The process of flower bud differentiation of the short terminal buds of‘Tianhong 2’apple was observed with the method of stereoscopic anatomical observation,and the effects of different rootstocks and different years on the flower bud differentiation process were studied.The results showed that‘Tianhong 2’apple entered the transformation phase(floral initiation)40 days after the short branches stopped growing,and the length of time was not affected by rootstock and year.The results showed that the process of flower bud differentiation in apple was divided into seven stages:transformation stage,initial differentiation stage,inflorescence primordium stage,sepal primordium stage,petal primordium stage,stamen primordium stage and pistil primordium stage.As time went on,various stages of flower bud differentiation occurred successively and overlapped.Different rootstocks and years had some influence on the emergence time point and duration of each stage,but little effect on the concentrated differentiation stage.In mid-June,the bud entered the transformation stage;the initial differentiation stage was concentrated in early July;the inflorescence primordium was concentrated in the middle and late July;the sepal primordium was concentrated in early August;and the primordium of the petals appeared in the middle and late August.In September,it was mainly the stamen primordium differentiation stage.At the beginning of October,about 70%of the short terminal buds entered the pistil primordium stage.