植物病原卵菌对重要抑制剂的抗性分子机制研究进展

Molecular resistance mechanism of phytopathogenic oomycete to several important fungicides

植物病原卵菌可导致多种毁灭性的植物病害,由于缺乏有效的抗病品种,目前化学防治仍是防治卵菌病害最有效的方法之一,但随着一些内吸性杀菌剂的不合理及频繁使用,抗性问题已日益突出。文章对目前主要的卵菌抑制剂苯酰胺类(PAs)、羧酸酰胺类(CAAs)、苯醌外部抑制剂类(QoIs)、氧化固醇结合蛋白抑制剂类(OSBPIs)以及微管蛋白抑制剂类(tubulin inhibitors)的作用机制、抗性遗传机制、抗性分子机制的最新研究进展进行了综述,旨在为当前中国植物病原卵菌的抗性研究和防控提供参考。现有文献报道表明:5类重要卵菌抑制剂的抗性主要是由于病原菌中药剂靶标蛋白的点突变引起,且苯酰胺类及微管蛋白抑制剂的抗性由多个基因控制;不同羧酸酰胺类药剂的抗性遗传机制存在差异;苯醌外部抑制剂的抗性具有母系遗传的特征;推测氧化固醇结合蛋白抑制剂的抗性由单个显性基因控制。

Plant pathogenic oomycetes could cause many devastating diseases.Currently,chemical control is still one of the most effective methods for the control of oomycete diseases.However,many fungicides against oomycetes have generated serious resistance problems because of unreasonable and frequent applications in fields.The mode of action,resistant genetic mechanism and molecular resistance mechanism of several most commonly used fungicides were reviewed,such as phenylamides(PAs),carboxylic acid amides(CAAs),quinone outside inhibitors(QoIs),oxysterol binding protein inhibitors(OSBPIs)and tubulin inhibitors.The current knowledge summaried in this review will contribute to the scientific control of plant pathogenic oomycetes and provide a valuable reference for future research.Existing literature reports demosntaretd that point mutation in target protein could cause resistance to PAs,CAAs,QoIs,OSBPIs and tubulin inhibitors.PAs and tubulin inhibitors resistance were controlled by more than one gene,and QoIs resisitance was maternal inheritance.It was speculated that OSBPIs resistance was controlled by one dominant gene.However,there was distinct difference in genetic mechanism for different CAAs fungicides.