马髌骨上锁的诊疗

Diagnosis and Treatment of Upward Fixation of the Patella of Horse

马髌骨上锁(Upward Fixation of the Patella,UFP)又称马膝盖骨上方脱位,即膝盖骨移位并一直被髌内侧直韧带(Medial patellar ligament,MPL)和肌肉固定在股骨内侧滑车嵴上,形似上锁制动使得受影响的肢蹄很难或不能弯曲。本病多发于年轻的运动马,以设特兰矮马最为常见。对两岁到三岁正处于比赛黄金期的速度赛马以及退役种公马而言,该病造成较大的经济损失。本文通过对国内外髌骨上锁的保守治疗和手术治疗做浅析比对总结,及一例迷你马典型UFP病例开窗术(Fenestration)报告,预测超声精确引导的创口不断缩小的手术将是治疗髌骨上锁手术治疗趋势。本文为马兽医的诊疗提供一定借鉴。

Upward fixation of the patella(UFP),also known as dislocation of the upper patella,that is the patella is displaced and fixed on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur by the medial patellar ligament(MPL)and associated muscles,similar to the lock braking system,making it difficult and even impossible for the affected limbs and feet to bend.Usually,UFP is observed mostly in young racing horses,especially the Shetland ponies.For retired stallions and racing horses aged two to three(the golden period of competition),the lameness caused by UFP will lead to considerable economic losses.In this paper,a brief comparison of the conservative treatment and surgical treatment for UFP at home and abroad was summarized,then according to the summary and a report of fenestration for a typical UFP case in mini pony,the author believed that ultrasound-guided microinvasive surgery would play a major part in future UFP treatment.The paper would provide some references for the follow-up treatments.