1919年萍乡煤矿工人上书驱逐德籍洋员史事考论

A Textual Research on the History of the Chinese Miners Expelling German Workers in Pingxiang Coal Mine in 1919

1919年初,在第一次世界大战协约国获胜、中国国内民气高涨的背景下,萍乡煤矿发生了一起工人上书要求驱逐该矿聘用的德籍洋员事件。上书控诉德籍洋员虐待中国矿工,指责汉冶萍公司违规留用姑息德籍洋员,要求立即驱逐德籍洋员。这封上书公开刊登于《大公报》,同时呈送北京政府,产生了一定的社会影响,并在随后引发的“殴工风潮”中,基本上达到了驱逐德籍洋员的目的。这次上书事件是中国工人阶级早期的自发斗争,体现了工人朴素的爱国意识和反抗压迫的阶级意识,也是安源工人政治意识觉醒的前奏。

At the beginning of 1919,in the context of the victory of the Entente countries in the WWI,and the high domestic sentiment in China,there was a case in Pingxiang Coal Mine that Chinese miners submitted a letter to ask for the expulsion of German workers.The letter complained that the German workers abused the Chinese miners and accused Han-Ye-Ping Company of illegally retaining the German workers and demanding the immediate expulsion of them.The letter was published in Ta Kung Pao and presented to the Beijing Government at the same time,which produced certain social influence and basically achieved the purpose of expelling German-born foreigners in the subsequent“surge of work”.This incident was a spontaneous struggle of the Chinese working class in the early days,which embodies the simple patriotism of the workers and the class consciousness against the oppression.It is also a prelude to the awakening of the political consciousness of Anyuan workers.