论洛克正义观的内在结构及其现代性维度

On the Internal Structure and Modern Dimension of Locke’s Concept of Justice

洛克的正义观是建立在法律面前人人平等基础上的,是自然法中的正义,这是其理性维度的体现;是以财产权的私有制为前提的,这是其现实性、客观性的体现;同时,洛克的正义观也仍然带有基督教神学的色彩,这又体现了其时代的局限性或者是妥协性,同时体现了超验和超越世俗的维度。但无论是自然法的理性维度还是上帝的超验维度,最终都必须落实在财产权的划分与实施中,才能真正构成正义观念的内在逻辑。洛克的正义观在政治哲学史上具有承前启后的作用,一方面他在霍布斯的基础上丰富、深化了正义的内涵,另一方面他给后来者提供了发展的方向,尤其是如何为正义增加人性化的内容方面。

Locke’s concept of justice is based on the equality of all people faced the law,which is the justice in natural law and the embodiment of its rational dimension.Based on the premise of private property,it is the embodiment of its reality and objectivity.At the same time,Locke’s concept of justice still has the color of Christian theology,which reflects the limitations or compromises of his era,and at the same time embodies the transcendent and transcendental dimensions.But both the rational dimension of natural law and the transcendent dimension of God must ultimately be implemented in the division and implementation of property in order to truly constitute the inner logic of the concept of justice.Locke’s concept of justice played an intermediate role in the history of political philosophy.On the one hand,he enriched and deepened the connotation of justice on the basis of Hobbes.On the other hand,he provided the development direction for latecomers,especially how to improve the humane content of justice.