精准扶贫中贫困村治理网络结构及中心式治理

Poor Village Governance Network Structure and Central Governance in Targeted Poverty Alleviation

我国精准扶贫正处于脱贫攻坚时期,精准扶贫的目标是到2020年消除绝对贫困,实现贫困户“两不愁三保障”的贫困退出标准,从而确保我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫摘帽。结合贫困村治理主体和治理对象关系,即村干部、驻村干部、贫困户和非贫困户及其相互间关系,建构贫困村治理网络结构,行动者的行动受结构位置和行动者个体理性共同影响。在贫困村治理网络结构中,村干部和驻村干部作为治理主体是结构中间位置,贫困户和非贫困户分别处于结构中心位置和边缘位置,村干部、驻村干部、贫困户和非贫困户形成差异性的结构关系,表现为“行为性强联结关系”“结构性强联结关系”“结构性弱联结关系”和“行为性弱联结关系”。同时,由于围绕贫困户脱贫的压力型目标,使贫困村治理呈现出中心式治理的结构特征。贫困村中心式治理特征的优化,关键是发挥贫困户的主体性地位,提升非贫困户的参与性,强化村干部的治理角色,从而实现贫困村的治理有效。

China’s targeted poverty alleviation is in a crucial period,and poverty-stricken villages across the country are experiencing a surge of poverty withdrawal.The network structure of governance in poor villages is constructed by combining the relationship between the main body of governance and the object of governance,namely village cadres,resident cadres,poor households and non-poor households and their mutual relations.In funding governance network structure,the village cadres and resident cadres mastering the structure of the governance body are in the middle position,the poor and the non-poor are at the core of the structure and edge position respectively,the structural relationships among village cadres,resident cadres,the poor and the non-poor of show difference of formation of“behavioral strong coupling relationship”,“structural strong coupling relationship”,“structural weak coupling relationship”and“behavioral weak coupling relationship”.At the same time,because of the stress target of poverty alleviation,the governance of poor villages presents the structural characteristics of central governance.The key to optimize the characteristics of central governance in poor villages is to give play to the subjectivity of poor households,enhance the participation of non-poor households,and strengthen the governance role of village cadres,so as to realize effective governance in poor villages.