中美木质林产品贸易要素禀赋优势比较

Comparative Study on Factor Endowment Advantages of Woody Forest Products Between China and the United States

中美两国木质林产品贸易量巨大,双边木质林产品贸易对国际木质林产品贸易具有重要影响。在日益扩大的中美木质林产品贸易中,两国面临着激烈的竞争及贸易争端。目前美国已经建立了完善的森林经营制度,而中国还面临着国内资源匮乏、大量依赖原材料进口的现实问题。通过不同类别的数据对中美木质林产品进行比较,并基于要素禀赋论,探讨中美木质林产品的产业要素优势,研究结果显示:中美木质林产品的出口结构不同,双方具有一定的贸易互补性;根据总产出和劳动力参与度,中国相对美国的产出其劳动生产率较低;根据资本劳动比值,中国在产品生产中属于劳动密集型生产,而美国属于资本密集型生产;根据劳动者技能进行的劳动力分层数据可知,中国的劳动力结构低端化程度较高。综上所述,尽管在总额和增速上中国是世界主要木质林产品生产和贸易大国,但木质林产品出口面临对外依赖性较高、劳动力密集、生产效率较低等问题。因此从产业发展和生态保护角度未来中国木质林产品贸易发展应以提高产品附加值,降低出口集中度,加强森林经营,丰富林业资源为对策。

It is known that the volume of woody forest products trade between China and the United States are large,this kind of bilateral trade has an important influence on the growing of the woody forest products trade around the world,facing the fierce competition and trade disputes at the same time.On the other hand,our country is faced with many problems,such as lack of domestic resources,much dependence on import of raw materials,etc.Thus it is very necessary to analyze the trade situation theoretically and practically.Firstly,this paper compares the data of Chinese and American forest products in different dimensions through classified data analysis,and then discusses the industrial factor and comparative advantages through H-O-S model.The research results show that:the export structure of Chinese and American woody forest products is different,and the two sides have certain trade complementarity.Based on total output and labor participation,China’s output-labor productivity is lower than that of the United States;According to the capital-labor ratio,China’s production is labor-intensive,while the United States’production is capital-intensive.According to the data of labor stratification based on workers’skills,China's labor structure is relatively low-end.To sum up,although China is a major producer and trading country of woody forest products in the world in terms of total amount and growth rate,China’s woody forest products export also faces problems of high external dependence,labor intensive and low production efficiency.Finally,according to the research conclusions,the paper puts forward some suggestions on the future development of China's woody forest products trade from the perspectives of industrial development and ecological protection.