西双版纳-普洱亚洲象种群动态分析

A dynamics analysis of Xishuangbanna-Puer Asian elephant population

于2018年1~12月采用无人机调查法、跟踪调查法及访问调查获得西双版纳-普洱交界地区分布的亚洲象共189头,全部归入一个种群。根据种群、亚种群、象群及独象的等级划分和命名方法,将其命名为"西双版纳-普洱种群",下分5个亚种群,分别为勐养亚种群(70头)、六顺亚种群(45头)、思茅港亚种群(26头),云仙亚种群(4头),江城亚种群(44头)。结合历史文献和资料,对从上世纪60年代至今西双版纳-普洱亚洲象种群的种群数量动态进行了分析,得出如下结论:1)种群数量较大的波动性说明该地区野生亚洲象活动较为频繁,种群扩散较为严重;2)栖息地的丧失、破碎化、种群扩散是西双版纳-普洱亚洲象种群数量变化的重要原因;3)数量的不断增长以及种群扩散势必造成新分布区严重的人象冲突。

From January to December 2018,a total of 189 Asian elephants distributed in the union region area between Xishuangbanna and Pu’er were obtained mainly through unmanned aerial vehicle survey,tracking survey and interview survey,all of which were classified into one population named"Xishuangbanna-Pu’er population"according to the classification and naming method of population,sub-population,group and single elephant.This population has been also divided into five sub-populations,named Mengyang sub-population(70 elephants),Liushun sub-population(45 elephants),Simaogang sub-populations(26 elephants),Yunxian sub-population(4 elephants)and Jiangcheng sub-population(44 elephants).Combining with historical documents and materials,the population dynamics of Xishuangbanna-Pu’er Asian elephant population from the 1960 s to the now are analyzed,and the following conclusions are drawn:1)the large fluctuation of population size indicates that wild Asian elephants in this area have frequent activities and serious population diffusion;2)habitat loss,fragmentation and population diffusion were important reasons for the change of Xishuangbanna-Pu’er Asian elephant population;3)serious human-elephant conflicts would present in new distribution areas accompanied by the population growth and dispersion continuously.