云南南滚河流域亚洲象种群动态分析

Population dynamics analysis of Asian elephant in Nangunhe river basin

于2018年1~12月采用无人机跟踪调查、红外相机调查及访问调查获得了准确的南滚河流域亚洲象种群数量:2群共12头,其中,成年雄象2头,亚成年雄象1头,成年雌象3头,幼象6头。结合历史文献和资料,对从上世纪50年代至今南滚河流域亚洲象的种群动态及种群数量下降、增长缓慢的原因进行了深入分析,得出如下三个主要结论:1)盗猎及报复性猎杀是导致南滚河流域亚洲象种群数量下降的最主要原因;2)遗传多样性下降也是南滚河流域亚洲象种群数量上升缓慢的重要原因;3)种群隔离是当前南滚河流域亚洲象种群保护中最急需解决的问题。

From January to December 2018,through unmanned aerial vehicle tracking survey,infrared camera survey and interview survey,this paper obtained the exact quantity of Asian elephants living in Nangunghe river basin,Cangyuan,Lincang,Yunnan,China.Total 12 Asian elephants in 2 groups have been found,including 2 adult males,1 sub-adult male,3 adult females and 6 baby elephants.Combining with the previous literatures and materials on Asian elephant,the population dynamics of Asian elephant population in Nanganghe river basin from 1950 s to now have in-depth been analyzed,as well as reasons for the population decline and slow growth.As results,three main conclusions have been drawn out:1)both poaching and retaliatory hunting are main reasons leading to the decline of Asian elephant population in Nangunhe river basin;2)the decrease of genetic diversity is also an important reason for the slow rise of Asian elephant population in Nanganghe river basin;3)population isolation is now the most urgent problem to be solved in population protection of Asian elephants in Nanganghe river basin.