雨养条件下不同冬小麦品种产量形成及氮素利用特征

Studies on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Different Winter Wheat Varieties under Rain-fed Condition

为了筛选适宜鲁东雨养地区高产高效冬小麦品种,于2016-2018年冬小麦生长季,在雨养条件下选用黄淮海地区32个中强筋冬小麦品种为材料,研究了不同冬小麦品种的产量、干物质积累与转运以及氮素吸收利用等方面的差异。结果表明,采用聚类分析方法对32个冬小麦品种的产量进行分类,共分为5种类型,2 aⅠ类冬小麦品种的产量分别为9 247.1,9 219.7 kg/hm^2,并显著高于其余各类冬小麦品种,Ⅰ类冬小麦品种协同提高了库容量(单位面积粒数)和千粒质量;Ⅰ类冬小麦品种成熟期干物质积累量、开花后干物质积累量、开花前干物质转运量、收获指数、成熟期氮素积累量、氮素利用效率和氮素收获指数均显著高于其余各类冬小麦品种;2 a产量分别与库容量、成熟期干物质积累量、开花后干物质积累量、收获指数、氮素利用效率和氮素收获指数呈极显著正相关关系,2017-2018年产量与成熟期氮素积累量亦呈极显著正相关关系。综合2 a结果,烟农999和泰麦1918均属于Ⅰ类冬小麦品种,两品种协同提高了库容量和千粒质量、开花后干物质积累量和开花前干物质转运量、成熟期干物质积累量和收获指数以及成熟期氮素积累量和氮素收获指数,表现出产量较高且稳定。综上所述,在鲁东地区半湿润偏旱的气候环境雨养条件下,烟农999和泰麦1918是适宜此地区种植的高产高效冬小麦品种。

In order to screen high-yielding and efficient winter wheat varieties for rainfed region of Ludong, the field experiments were carried out in 2016-2018 growing seasons under rainfed condition, and 32 medium-strong gluten winter wheat varieties cultivated in Huang-Huai-Hai region were used to explore the changes of grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat varieties and so on. The results showed that 32 winter wheat varieties could be classified into 5 types by cluster analysis based on the grain yield. During the two growing years, grain yield of type Ⅰ were 9 247.1,9 219.7 kg/ha, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other winter wheat types, and type Ⅰ winter wheat varieties synergistically increased sink capacity(grain number per unit area) and 1000-grain weight. Maturity and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization, harvest index, maturity nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of type Ⅰ winter wheat varieties were significantly higher than those of other winter wheat types. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with sink capacity, maturity and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index, respectively;grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with maturity nitrogen accumulation as well in 2017-2018 growing seasons. Based on the two year results, both Yannong 999 and Taimai 1918 belonged to type Ⅰ winter wheat varieties. Those two varieties synergistically increased sink capacity and 1000-grain weight, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and dry matter remobilization, maturity dry matter accumulation and harvest index, maturity nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen harvest index, so the grain yield was significantly higher and more stable. In conclusion, under the semi-humid and drought climate and rain-fed conditions of Ludong region, Yannong 999 and Taimai 1918 were high-yielding and high efficient winter wheat varieties which were suitable for planting in this region.