生物有机肥和化肥配施对冬小麦产量及土壤生物指标的影响

Effects of Applying Bio-Organic Fertilizer and Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Production and Soil Biological Indexes of Winter Wheat

为了研究不同施肥处理对冬小麦产量、土壤酶活性、土壤可培养微生物数量和微生物多样性等指标的影响。以河北省辛集市马庄乡保高丰农场为试验地点,在增施生物有机肥的基础上,设置化肥减量10%,30%,50%,100%的施肥处理。与常规施肥处理(T5)相比,生物有机肥处理+化肥减量30%处理(T3)、生物有机肥+化肥减量10%处理(T2)、生物有机肥+化肥减量50%处理(T4)的冬小麦产量分别为6 510.65,6 237.30,6 084.15 kg/hm^2,显著高于常规施肥处理(T5)和仅施用生物有机肥处理(T1),其中生物有机肥处理+化肥减量30%处理T3产量最高,比常规施肥处理(T5)增产13.42%。从土壤酶活性变化看,与常规施肥处理(T5)相比,单施生物有机肥处理(T1)、生物有机肥+化肥减量10%处理(T2)、生物有机肥处理+化肥减量30%处理(T3)、生物有机肥+化肥减量50%处理(T4)的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了14.33%,15.60%,14.08%,9.12%,脲酶活性分别提高了8.22%,7.22%,10.47%,5.41%,纤维素酶活性分别提高了63.89%,30.35%,66.45%,57.19%。分析土壤微生物多样性发现,增施生物有机肥所有处理与常规施肥处理(T5)相比,土壤中可培养微生物的总量、细菌、真菌数量升高,但真菌占比降低。从土壤微生物的种群分析,增施生物有机肥的所有处理的土壤微生物多样性增加,其中生物有机肥+化肥减量30%处理(T3)的Shannon指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数分别比常规施肥处理(T5)提高了3.61%,19.74%,22.43%,土壤微生物菌群含量发生变化。

In order to determine the effects of increasing bio-organic fertilizers and reducing chemical fertilizers application on production, soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity in winter wheat, a experiment was carried out in Mazhuang Baogaofeng Farm of Xinji City, Hebei Province. On the basis of applying biological organic fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer was reduced for 10%, 30%, 50% and 100%, respectively, taking the conventional fertilization treatment as a control. Compared with conventional fertilization(T5),the yield of winter wheat(T3,T2,T4) was significantly higher, reaching to 6 510.65,6 237.30,6 084.15 kg/ha, respectively.The highest yield came from T3 treatment, increasing by 13.42% compared to T5. Compared with T5, the soil alkaline phosphatase activity of the four bio-organic fertilizer treatment of T1, T2, T3 and T4 increased by 14.33%,15.60%,14.08% and 9.12%, the urease activity increased by 8.22%,7.22%,10.47% and 5.41%, the cellulose activity increased by 63.89%,30.35%,66.45% and 57.19%, respectively. The analysis of soil culture microorganism showed that the total amount of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in four bio-organic fertilizer treatments were higher than that of T5. However the proportion of fungi decreased. The soil microbial diversity of different treatments was analyzed. The Shannon index, Chao1 index, and ACE index of four bio-organic fertilizer treatments were higher than that of T5. Compared with T5, the Shannon index, Chao1 index, and ACE index of T3 treatment increased by 3.61%, 19.74% and 22.43%, respectively. The proportion of soil microorganisms was changed.