第三方支付平台的反垄断问题:基于经济学与法学的交叉学科分析

The Antitrust of Third-party Payment Platform: Interdisciplinary Analysis Based on Economics and Law

近期,随着全球对新技术条件下一些双边市场经济主体反垄断调查的推进,第三方支付平台作为典型双边市场型经济主体的垄断问题再次引起关注。沿用法学的垄断结构理论框架和以往的单边市场思维进行反垄断分析,可以判断支付平台存在严重的垄断结构,但在其是否实施了垄断行为的判断上则存在较大争议。针对这一问题,运用双边市场理论,在常见的双边单归属模型基础上,引入“单归属因子”,构建接近实际状况的双边部分多归属支付平台模型,从平台定价、社会福利函数分解以及部分多归属下消费者转移成本三个维度进行探究。结合相关数据的分析表明,第三方支付平台的垄断行为倾向或许没有其垄断结构那样突出,而可能会趋于某一稳定状态,但需注意不同平台单归属差异带来的提价空间不同等问题。强调支付平台反垄断的关键不在于平台的市场规模,而在于平台的参与者是否实现了参与平台的多样化,尤其要提倡消费者的多平台参与,鼓励平台差异化发展,从而保护平台参与者的合法利益。

Recently,along with the global anti-monopoly investigation of bilateral market economies,as a typical third-party payment platform for a bilateral market economy,whether or not there is a monopoly problem has once again attracted attention.This paper firstly conducts anti-monopoly analysis based on the structural behavior analysis framework of law and the traditional unilateral market thinking.It is found that although the traditional method can judge the serious monopoly structure of the payment platform,there is a big judgment on whether or not it implements the monopolistic behavior dispute.Based on the above considerations,this paper uses the bilateral market theory to introduce a“single-following factor”based on the common bilateral single-homing model,so as to construct a bilateral partial multi-attribute payment platform model close to the actual situation for analysis,and at the same time,from the platform pricing,society The decomposition of the welfare function and the three dimensions of consumer transfer costs,combined with relevant data,indicate that the monopolistic behavior of the payment platform may not be as prominent as its monopoly structure,but it is likely to tend to a stable state,but It is necessary to pay attention to the differences in the price increase space brought about by the differences in the single-site differences of different platforms.Emphasizing that the key to anti-monopoly of the payment platform is not the market size of the platform,but whether the participants of the platform have realized the diversification of the participation platform,especially the multi-platform participation of consumers,and the differential development of the platform.Thereby protecting the interests of platform participants.