燃料电池传热传质分析进展综述

Summary of progress in heat and mass transfer analysis of fuel cells

本文介绍了国内外在燃料电池传热传质领域的研究方法与进展。燃料电池作为高效清洁发电装置,影响其技术实用化的两个重要问题是热管理和传质受阻,充分了解传热传质规律对于提高电池效率至关重要。围绕固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)、直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)、质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)展开,从技术手段、研究进展等方面对前人的研究归纳和评析,包括温度测量及热质分析的研究方法,不同燃料电池产热及传热方式、温度分布、传质情况、改善电池性能可采取的有效手段。分析表明,涉及DMFC传热以及MCFC传质方面的研究较为欠缺,可考虑增加相关方面的研究。实验方法多应用于燃料电池测温,不同方法应用背景不同,各有优缺点。有限容积法作为数值模拟最常用的方法,计算量大,需依靠软件实现,不同软件适用于不同工况分析。可考虑基于数值模拟结合最优化算法处理实验数据,将模拟和实验结合,有望成为燃料电池传热传质领域更高效、准确的研究方法。

This study examines the research methods and progress with respect to the heat and mass transfer of fuel cells at home and abroad.Fuel cells are highly efficient and clean power generation devices.However,thermal management and mass transfer are unavailable,which hinder the practical application of this technology.It is important to completely understand the heat and mass transfer law for improving the cell efficiency.This study focuses on solid oxide fuel cells,molten carbonate fuel cells(MCFCs),direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs),and proton exchange membrane fuel cells and systematically summarizes the existing research on the heat and mass transfer of fuel cells,including the methods of temperature measurement and thermal mass analysis,heat generation and heat transfer modes,temperature distribution,mass transfer,and effective methods for improving the cell performance,in technical and research progress contexts.The analysis reveals that the existing research on DMFC heat transfer and MCFC mass transfer is inadequate,and more related research should be performed.The experimental methods are mostly applied to the fuel cell temperature measurement;different methods exhibit unique application backgrounds with specific advantages and disadvantages.The finite volume method is the most commonly used method for conducting a numerical simulation;it involves significant calculations and requires the usage of a specific software.Various types of software are available for analyzing different working conditions.By combining numerical simulation with the optimization algorithm to process experimental data(combining the simulation and experiment),this approach could be expected to become a more efficient and accurate research method with respect to the heat and mass transfer of fuel cells.