研究型教育消费与中国产业结构升级关系的实证研究

Empirical study on the relationship between research-oriented education consumption and industrial structure upgrading in China

产业结构升级是中国经济发展亟待解决的问题之一,研究型教育消费是在现有的知识存量基础上,通过研究学习、探索和创造新知识而进行的消费行为,是一种高层次的教育消费,但又不同于传统的高等教育消费,其对产业结构升级的促进作用主要通过研究型教育消费自身的消费属性、人力资本外部性以及技术创新性3个方面来体现。基于中国2005~2017年31个省市自治区的省际面板数据,从产业结构高级化和产业结构合理化角度构建产业结构升级指标,采用固定效应面板模型和动态GMM面板模型实证分析研究型教育消费对产业结构升级的影响效应。研究认为,2005~2017年中国的产业结构在不断的优化和升级,但地区之间发展差异较大;研究型教育消费对中国产业结构升级具有显著的正向效应;产业结构升级水平受其自身滞后一期的影响显著;由于区域差异性,不同地区研究型教育消费对产业结构升级的作用方式各不相同。因此,应当重视研究型教育消费在中国经济发展中发挥的作用,采取差异化扶持方式推进各地区研究型教育消费。

The industrial structure upgrading is one of the urgent problems to be solved in China’s economic development.Research-oriented education consumption is a high-level educational consumption based on the existing knowledge stock,through research-based learning,exploration and creation of new knowledge,but it is different from the traditional consumption of higher education.Its promotion of industrial structure upgrading is mainly reflected by three aspects of the consumption characteristics of research-oriented education consumption,the externality of human capital and the technological innovation.Based on the provincial panel data of 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2017,the index of industrial structure upgrading is constructed from the perspective of industrial structure optimization and rationalization.The fixed effect panel model and dynamic GMM panel model are used to empirically analyze the impact of research-oriented education consumption on industrial structure upgrading.The results show that:from 2005 to 2017,China’s industrial structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded,but there are considerable disparities in regional development;research-oriented education consumption has a significant positive effect on the upgrading of China’s industrial structure;the upgrading level of industrial structure is significantly affected by its own lagging period;due to regional differences,the research-oriented education consumption in various regions has varied forms of impact on the industrial structure upgrading.Therefore,we should attach importance to the role of research-oriented education consumption in China’s economic development,and adopt differentiated support method to promote research-oriented education consumption in various regions.