“理性”的制度含义：理解梁漱溟思想转变的一个角度

The Meaning of "Lixing(Reasonableness)" : A Point of View of Understanding the Transformation of Liang Shuming’s Thought

梁漱溟在《东西文化及其哲学》中把调和持中的人生态度作为中国文化的根本,对传统的"家"和政治持批评态度,主张在保留中国式人生态度的基础上,全面引进西方式制度。此后,梁漱溟转而从"家"的特点出发阐发"理性",并将之作为人之为人的根本特征和中国文化的核心内涵。"理性"起源于"家"伦理而通于"天下",与外"无对",和西方以有边界的"团体"为源头的政治观念形成鲜明对照。"理性"在"家—团体—天下"诸种组织框架的比较中得到确认和刻画,具有了普遍的制度含义,焕发出对西方政治的批评能力,并成为梁漱溟建立中国式制度的基础。解决"中国问题"是梁漱溟提出"理性"的重要推动力。梁漱溟突出中国思想的制度含义的思路在当代获得了呼应和更深入的思考。

Liang Shuming criticized the unequal relationship in family in the background of Chinese culture in Cultures and Philosophies in the East and West,which advocated a combination of Chinese life attitude and western political system.Later he took"lixing(reasonableness)"as his core concept which was along with his revaluation of family.He recognized that western political system took community as its frame which had boundary and stood in contrast to other communities."Lixing(reasonableness)"were confirmed in the sharing structure of Chinese family and"Tianxia(land under heaven)"which had no boundary.In this way Liang Shuming renewed the vitality of Chinese political philosophy in new environment.Liang Shuming provided an approach to develop Chinese philosophy which is further discussed by other scholars.