从语法构式到修辞构式——“X凉了”构式的认知语义探析

From Grammatical Construction to Rhetorical Construction——A Cognitive Semantic Exploration of “X liangle” Construction

文章结合修辞构式理论,从语法构式和修辞构式角度对“X凉了”构式进行了探讨,发现该构式在由语法构式演变为修辞构式的过程中呈现出变项“X”词性扩大、语义逐渐抽象等特点。构式的语义经历了由实到虚的转变,其认知基础源于人们在现实生活中的涉身体验,是转、隐喻认知机制相互作用的结果,具有委婉评价人、事物或现象发展前景下滑,甚至失败的语义,在一定语境下还带有幽默调侃、讽刺的语用效果。

Combining with the theory of rhetorical construction,this paper discusses the construction of“X leangle”from the perspective of grammatical construction and rhetorical construction.It is discovered that the construction of“X”has the characteristics of expanding the part of speech and gradually abstracting the meaning in the process of changing from grammatical construction to rhetorical construction.The semantics of construction has experienced the transformation from real to virtual.Its cognitive basis comes from people’s personal experience in real life.It is the result of the interaction between the cognitive mechanism of transformation and metaphor.It has the semantics of euphemistic evaluation of people,things or phenomena decline in development prospects,or even failure.In a certain context,it also has the pragmatic effect of humor,ridicule and satire.