“恰克图贩茶歌”中的商人生活

Merchants’ Life in “The Ballad of Tea Trade to Kyakhta”

茶叶规程是晋商在办茶过程中,为保证运输环节的有序进行,由各商号从业者专门编写的应用型文献,“恰克图贩茶歌”即为此中一类。“茶歌”描述了山西旅蒙商人的成长过程,以及福建—张家口—库伦—恰克图一线的贩茶路线。此“茶歌”所保存的有关商人描写颇为详细,偏重对其成长、学习经历、社会生活环境乃至心理活动的描述,是了解晋商中小商人社会生活的珍稀民间文献。以此为代表的茶路歌谣和各类规程也是填补茶路地理定位,深入了解山西籍商人真实社会经济生活的重要史料。

The tea rules are applied literature,which are writen by Jin merchants in different firms,Jin merchants wrote the tea rules to ensure the orderly running of the transportation links during they bought tea.This article sorts out a ballad from“The ballad of Tea Trade to Kyakhta”,the ballad described the growing-up process of Shan’xi merchants to Mongolia,and the tea road of“FuJian—Zhangjiakou—Kulun—Kyakhta”.The description about these merchants is quite detailed in such kind of ballad of tea.The description of Jin merchants’growth,learning experience,social life environment and even psychological activities,is rare folk document to study their social life.The tea rules and the ballads of tea trade are also important historical documents that are used to fill the geographical position of tea road.We can have a deep understanding of Shan’xi businessmen’s real social and economical life by these.