论晚清民初保定育婴堂对堂内失依儿童及育婴乳妇的管理

On the Management of Children Who Lost Their Dependence and Baby Nursing Women in Baoding Foundling Hospital in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

晚清时期出现的直隶省城保定育婴堂是收养失依儿童的慈善救助机构。清末民初之际,保定育婴堂在堂内儿童的食宿生活与医疗教育、儿童的领养与寄养以及对育婴乳妇的雇佣与监管等方面,均形成了较为规范的管理制度。虽然育婴堂对失依儿童及育婴乳妇的管理制度在实际运行中有所偏差,但从总体上看这些管理制度保障了育婴堂救助活动的正常开展。

Foundling hospital in Baoding,capital city of Zhili,which appeared in the late Qing Dynasty,is a charity organization for the adoption of children who lost their dependence.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Baoding foundling hospital formed a relatively standardized management system in the aspects of children’s board and lodging life,health and education,adoption and foster care of children,and employment and supervision of baby nursing women.Although there are some deviations in the actual operation of the management system of the foundling hospital for the children who lost their dependence and the baby nursing women,in general,these management systems ensure the normal development of the rescue activities of the foundling hospital.