人工智能承担刑事责任的主体地位

On the Subject Position of Artificial Intelligence in Bearing Criminal Responsibility

现阶段关于超人类智能即将迎来“奇点”时代的喧嚣声络绎不绝,加之法律的滞后性,引起了法学界的关注和讨论。在刑法领域,多数学者赞同深度学习下的人工智能获得自主意识之后便可成为刑事责任的主体,并要设计相关的配套制裁措施。但上述考虑过分关注人工智能在客观上造成的法益侵害后果,而缺乏规范层面的意志因素考量,造成犯罪主体认定上的扩大化倾向。人工智能并不具有遵从法规范的期待可能性,欠缺归责的认识因素和意志因素。进而论之,假定承认人工智能的刑事主体地位,不仅会造成当下刑罚制裁体系惩治不力的尴尬局面,而且会带来伦理上的困境,造成刑罚安抚补偿和教育目的的落空。因此,承认人工智能刑事责任的主体地位不具有可行性。

At the moment,the screams of the super artificial intelligence that is about to usher in the"singularity"era,combined with the lag of the law,have aroused the attention and discussion of the legal profession.In the field of criminal law,most scholars agree that artificial intelligence under deep learning can become the subject of criminal responsibility after gaining autonomy,and design relevant supporting sanctions.However,the above considerations have paid too much attention to the objective and infringement consequences of artificial intelligence,but lack of the norm factor considerations,which has led to the expansion of the criminal subject.Artificial intelligence does not have the expectation possibility of complying with the law,lacking the cognitive factors and will factors of attribution.Furthermore,it is assumed that the recognition of the criminal subject status of artificial intelligence will not only cause an embarrassing situation in which the current penalty system is punishable,but also bring about an ethical dilemma,resulting in the penalty for punishment and the purpose of education.Therefore,it is not feasible to recognize the subjective status of artificial intelligence criminal liability.