中国对外贸易70年变迁

The Change in Foreign Trade During 70 Years Since New China Establishment

新中国成立70年以来,中国对外贸易发展是中国经济发展特征与方式的集中体现,从进口替代的贸易保护主义到全面开放的出口导向再到“一带一路”所倡导的人类命运共同体,中国正在不断以贸易大国和资本大国的身份参与、影响并改变着世界经济格局。70年来,对外贸易规模不断扩大伴随着经济结构的持续调整:贸易商品主要以工业制成品为主;一般贸易取代加工贸易成为主要的贸易方式;从资本净流入国转变为资本净流出国,国际竞争力日益提高。中国已经踏上了发展中国家新型工业化道路,逐步从以比较优势转向以要素优势进而以提升竞争优势参与国际分工,并通过加强与“一带一路”沿线国家发展外向型产业集群,推动经济高质量发展,并推动中国从全球加工组装基地转变为全球制造基地。

From import-substitute strategy to export-oriented then to“One Belt One Road”initiative,China has changed from an independent country isolated from the world to the center of the human community.The change in foreign trade reflects the changes in economy.During the 70 years,with the expansion in trade scale,the trade structure also changed correspondingly:manufactured products became the main part of traded goods,general trade take the place of processing trade to be the key trade pattern,oversea investment exceeds FDI inflow which makes China a country with net capital out flow and shows the strengthened competitiveness.China has started its new industrialized road and been participating the global value chain with advantage changing from comparative advantage to factor-oriented advantage and finally to competition advantage.By initiating“One Belt One Road”,China continues developing world-oriented industry cluster to engines the high quality development and changes from global assembly place to global manufacturing base.