沦陷时期北平煤荒与煤业应对

The Coal Industry’s Response to Coal Shortage in Peiping during the Occupation

日本殖民掠夺导致北平煤炭供应的来源、运输量和产量大幅度削减,形成严重的煤荒。由此引发日伪当局限价和煤业反限价的较量,日伪当局强令煤业执行限价,而煤业一再申述困难,请求提价,并且时有违反限价、互相转嫁成本和投机营利的活动。沦陷后期日本竭泽而渔的掠夺激起煤业公开反抗,除了向伪政府举报日本殖民掠夺的行径外,也通过取消合同和独立经营的方式对抗日本统制。煤业应对体现出商人营业与日本殖民掠夺之间存在着不可调和的矛盾,殖民经济难以维持。

The colonial plunder of Japan led to substantial reductions in coal sources,transportation and production in Peiping,which brought a serious coal shortage and a competition between the Japanese puppet government authorities and the coal industry in terms of the price limit.The authorities forced the coal industry to implement limited price,however,the coal industry repeatedly stated their difficulties and appealed for price-raising,they sometimes also violated the limited price,transferred costs to each other and speculated for profits.In the later period of the occupation,the merciless plunder of Japan caused the open resistance from the coal industry by reporting to the puppet government about the Japanese colonial plunder,cancelling contracts and operating independently against the Japanese rule.The responses of the coal industry reflected the irreconcilable contradictions between the business operation and the colonial plunder of Japan,and it was hard to maintain the colonial economy.