近代中国“打倒日本帝国主义”口号的形成

The Formation of the Slogan “Down with the Japanese Imperialism” in Modern China

“打倒日本帝国主义”在近代中国民族主义发展史上占有重要地位。清末,帝国主义概念自日本传入中国,使得国人可以了解近代帝国主义的相关知识。透过日本的实践,中国知识界一些人羡慕日本的帝国主义道路,但更多的人开始反思帝国主义侵略,萌生了反帝观念。第一次世界大战前后,日本因“二十一条”、“出兵山东”等问题致使自身形象崩塌,“日本帝国主义”成为形容日本侵略扩张本质的代名词。国民革命时期,“打倒日本帝国主义”口号成为反帝革命运动的重要组成部分,但其指向对象和重要性还明显低于“打倒帝国主义”的内涵。1928年济南惨案发生后,中日对抗成为中国对外矛盾的焦点,“打倒日本帝国主义”逐渐成为中国民族革命的最高目标。

The slogan“Down with the Japanese imperialism”played an important role in the development of nationalism in modern China.In late Qing Dynasty,imperialism as a concept was introduced into China from Japan,Chinese people therefore began to understand the relevant concept about modern imperialism.Some intellectuals admired the Japanese approach to imperialism from the perspective of practices in Japan,while more and more people in Chinese intelligentsia began to reflect on the aggression of imperialism and initiated some ideas of anti-imperialism.Before and after WWI,Japan s image had collapsed in China due to issues such as“Twenty-one Demands”,“Sending Troops to Shandong”and so on.The“Japanese imperialism”had become a synonym to describe the nature of the Japanese aggression and expansion.During the National Revolution,the slogan“Down with the Japanese Imperialism”had become a crucial part of the anti-imperialism revolution campaign,but its targets as well as its importance were still overshadowed by the connotation of“Down with the Imperialism”.After the Jinan Massacre of 1928,Sino-Japanese confrontation became the focus of China s external conflict,and“Down with the Japanese Imperialism”gradually became the supreme goal of China s national revolution.