九一八事变后马占山抗日形象建构与抗战动员

Ma Zhanshan’s Image Construction of“Resistance against Japan”and the Mobilization of Resistance after the Mukden Incident

九一八事变后,马占山首揭抗日义旗,他领导的江桥抗战成为中国局部抗击日本侵略者的象征之一,因此被全国各界视为民族英雄。但不久马占山因孤军奋战不得不“投降”日军,引发全国舆论哗然,民众的抗日热情亦被激发。最终马通电反正,社会各界也基本认可其民族英雄的地位。马占山复杂的抗日活动使其形象在短时间内出现巨大反差,由最初的齐声称颂到质疑其反正,再到接纳与认可,可谓一波三折。舆论对马占山事迹的报道和形象塑造起到了声讨日本侵略、呼吁政府抗战、动员民众以及培育民族精神的作用,成为民族危亡背景下抗战动员的现实象征。

After the Mukden Incident,Ma Zhanshan was the first to resist Japanese invasion under the banner of righteousness with the Battle of Jiangqiao as a symbol of the Chinese local resistance against Japan and he himself was also regarded as the national hero by people from all walks of life.However,Ma soon had to surrender to the Japanese because of fighting alone,which triggered the public outcry and also aroused the public enthusiasm for the resistance against Japan.Ma eventually announced to be against Japan again and the society also basically recognized his social status as a national hero.His image had a sharp contrast in a short time due to his complicated activities during the resistance against Japan.The public opinions about Ma Zhanshan also experienced twists and turns,and the news reports about Ma Zhanshan and his image construction played a role in terms of denouncing the Japanese invasion,calling on the government for the resistance,mobilizing the public and nurturing the national spirit,which served as the realistic symbol of mobilization for the resistance under the background of national crisis.