五四前后思想论战与马克思主义中国化的历史逻辑——基于思想史视角的分析

On the Historical Logic of the Ideological Debate around the May 4th Movement and the Adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese Context——From the Perspective of Ideological History

近代中国复杂的现实国情是社会思潮之间爆发论战的主要缘由,五四新文化运动敞开输入"新学理"的大门,造就了近代中国杂糅混乱而又生机勃勃的思想世界。无政府主义、基尔特社会主义、马克思主义、实验主义、文化保守主义等思潮,围绕中国革命及中国文化"何处去"展开思想竞技。在"问题"与"主义"论战、无政府主义论战、"社会主义"论战、东西文化论战、科玄论战后,马克思主义逐步同其他社会思潮区别开来,彰显其理论真理性和实践真理性,为马克思主义中国化的逐步深入作出思想和理论上的准备。

The complex reality in China in the modern times was the main cause for the outbreak of debates amid social thoughts. The May Fourth New Culture Movement opened the door to the new ideas and ideologies and created a chaotic yet vibrant world of thought in modern China. Anarchism, gilt socialism, Marxism,experimentalism, cultural conservatism and other trends of thought, debated heatedly centering on the question of"where to go"for the Chinese revolution and Chinese culture. Among the debates between"problems"and"isms",the anarchists and the socialists, the eastern and western cultures, science and metaphysics, Marxism gradually distinguished itself from other social ideologies, demonstrating its truth in theory and practice, which had made ideological and theoretical preparation for the step by step adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context.